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Grammar

Grammar in use by Raymond Murphy

►Present Perfect

The present perfect is have/has+past participle. The past participle often ends in -ed (finished/decided,etc) but many important verbs are irregular(lost/done/been/written.etc)

For example,

He told me his name, but I 've forgotten it.(i can't remember it now.)

►Present Perfect Comtinuous (I have been doing)

we use the perfect comtinuous for an activity that has already stopped or just stopped.

For example,

You are out of breath. Have you been running? ( you are out of breath now)
Jason is very tired. He is been working very hard(He is tired now)

►Past perfect (I had done)

The past perfect is simple is had+past participle(gone/seen/finished, etc)

For example,

When Sarah got to the party, Eric was not there. He had already gone home.
When we got home last night, we found that somebody had broken into our apartment.

►Past Perfect Continuous ( I had been doing)

For example,

It was not raining when I looked out the window; the sun was shining. But it had been raining.
We'd been playing tennis for about half an hour when it started to rain heavily.

►It is said that......He is said to.......be supposed to.......

For example,

Henry is very old, Nobody knows exactly how old he is but it is said that he is 108 years old which means people say that he is 108 years old

The train arrived at 9 pm, It was supposed to arrive at 8 pm.

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